What is Yang-22?

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Yang-22 is dedicated to the informal sharing of my practice of the Yang style Tai Chi Chuan 22-form that was created by Grandmaster Wei Shuren.

I started my learning of the 22-form in 1997. It is the one form that I have spent the longest time practicing.

I still keep up the practice to this day, though not spending as much time as I would like. There are so many things to learn from this one form. Just to discover its contents as listed in Grandmaster Wei’s Book 2 & 3 on this particular Yang style will surely take a long, long time.

The 22-form is one form that is never boring to practice. Practicing the form is like reading a well written book and discovering something more about it each time I read it again.

I won’t try to offer instructions on how to practice the 22-form as this would be quite the challenge to do so in a blog. However, if you already practice the 22-form and your progress has slowed down then perhaps the information here would be of use to get you out of the rut.

That’s it for now. It is time for me to go and practice.

GENERAL

Old Six Routines

PRACTICE

2/4 Dots

Simplifying 2/4 Dots

The Mental 2/4 Dots

2/4 Dots & The Rolling Ball

The 3 Passes

The 3 Passes & 2/4 Dots

Heaven, Earth, Man

The 3 Chi Rings

The 3 Chi Rings Part 2

The 3 Chi Rings Part 3

The 5 Bows

The 5 Bows Part 2

The 5 Bows Part 3

The 5 Bows Part 3

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In The 5 Bows Part 2 I mentioned that the Single Whip is the technique where we first learn about the 5 Bows.

However, the 5 Bows is found in many of the rest of the 21 techniques as well. After you have practiced the 5 Bows in Single Whip many times and understand it, you should gradually learn to implement the 5 Bows in these other techniques as well.

In order to optimize the force generated you should learn to open up your body so that it emulates a highly strung bow.

A highly strung bow allows you to transfer the potential energy into the arrow i.e. the target, allowing you to either send your partner flying off quickly or receive your force into his body resulting in internal injury.

Which brings us to another topic related to the 5 Bows which is the 9 Crooked Pearls. I won’t touch on this for now.

The 5 Bows Part 2

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In Yang-22 the technique that introduces us to the topic of the 5 Bows is Single Whip.

In Single Whip specifically at the conclusion of the technique we learn how to stretch each of the 5 Bows out so that it is optimized for an arrow to load onto them and be instantly released.

Fajing in Yang-22 is not a strong push. Instead, it is like an arrow that penetrates its target so quickly that it barely moves the target back a step.

Is this something unique to Tai Chi? Honestly, I don’t think so. Anyone who understands force generation would know this. Anyone.

The first time I heard about this is from one of my Wing Chun teacher, the late Jim Fung. I forgot the occasion but I think it was probably during an open house.

He had already done a stunning fajing demo earlier using his 1-inch punch. Then as he was mingling with visitors and students he got to talking about the 1-inch power again and this time I got volunteered to try his 1-inch palm strike which he said was more powerful than his 1-inch punch.

I couldn’t agree more after taking a flying trip to the pillar behind me. Despite a phonebook on my chest to absorb the blow I could feel his palm print on my chest 5 minutes later.

That was probably when he said that if he were to really strike a person, that person wouldn’t go flying backwards. If anything, the person would just drop on the spot.

So this was the very first time I heard about how an injurious penetrating strike should be like. Many years later, I had another Wing Chun teacher from an old style who used a fist formation called Arrow Fist that when it struck me felt like a nail had hit me without moving me much.

So if you want to acquire penetrating force, pay attention to the practice of the 5 Bows and the other related topics.

The 5 Bows

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The 2/4 Dots, the 3 Passes, the 3 Chi Rings and the 5 Bows are all related topics in the learning of Yang-22.

They are integral to the storing and release of energy by converting kinetic energy to potential energy which is then released back as kinetic energy as part of the process of power generation.

In this sense, you can say that the entire 22-form is an exercise in how to use movement to manipulate energy and apply it for various purposes such as neutralizing and issuing force.

The 3 Chi Rings Part 3

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The 3 Chi Rings particularly the Shoulder Chi Ring plays an important role in the force generation process.

There are different ways to use intent generated force in Yang-22. The majority of these force models rely on the use of the body’s 5 Bows to compress, store and release the force.

In Yang-22 each arm is a bow by itself. However, both arms can also be likened to a gigantic bow. The gigantic bow uses the Open-Close track to bring in the opponent’s strength in the manner of loading an arrow.

Once the arrow is loaded you can then release the arrow. You can think of it as the use of opening and closing in an instant to huajing and fajing. The actual opening and closing process is more complicated than what I am describing here for outsiders to get an idea of what we do.

To be able to generate a strong force that can power a strike that causes internal injury you would need to develop a strong bow that can send your force out like a lighting strike. You will know if your strike is spot on when you tap your target and instead of flying off he just drops in pain on the spot.

If you are not aware of this part of the training, here’s a hint – pay attention to the technique of Play Pipa. This technique uses the Open-Close track and Shoulder Chi Ring to generate the internal force. As you get used to it, you will find that you can use all the Chi Rings for the power generation.

The 3 Chi Rings Part 2

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Where exactly do you place your arms in space when you execute a technique?

In Wing Chun we keep the elbows closer to the body since its a close quarters combat system. However, in Pok Khek Kuen we keep our elbows away from the body since we abide by the principle of an inch longer gives us greater power.

In Yang-22 we use the Shoulder Chi Ring to inform us where to pose our arms for the technique. The Waist Chi Ring is used to anchor and connect the elbows to our waist while the Kua Chi Ring helps us to keep the lower body in coordination with the upper body.

When we move the arms inwards and then outwards we use the Shoulder Chi Ring together with the Open-Close track defined by the Mountain Character to guide the movement of the arms.

The training for the Open-Close track in tandem with the use of the Mountain Character is covered in Part 3 of the Neigong training set. If you are into fajing pay attention to this training because it is integral to the force generation process.

The 3 Chi Rings

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This is not a post about how to use intent to create the 3 Chi Rings. Instead, I would touch on why we have the 3 Chi Rings.

In Yang-22 we practice our form such that the internal and the external harmonizes. Yes, that’s what other Tai Chi styles say too but in Yang-22 we are very specific about how to bring this about.

Our intent is internal, in the mind, it cannot be grasped. Our body is the external shell, we can see and feel it. What is outside our body can be internal or external.

For example, the wall next to you, that you can touch is external. However, our relationship to the wall, how we connect to it is not visible, nor can it be seen – this is internal. Our internal intent maps the relationship between our external body to the wall internally. Our external body creates another relationship to the wall by mapping the connection.

Sounds confusing, right, all this talk about internal and external?

The last movement in Step Back, Repulse Monkey is an example of what I mentioned above. In the final movement, we hold a pose that looks a lot like the Xingyiquan’s Santi posture. However, we are not practicing zhanzhuang here. Our pose is momentary, like a runner getting ready to take off.

When we get into the Santi-like posture we quickly map our mind to an active Chi Dot that is in the air, some 36 inches away (I am just using an arbitrary number here). In our lead hand we have a Small Chi Sphere. Then in our mind we see the Chi Dot.

We quickly gather our body (you know, those steps you do in the Commencement Posture), get ready, Small Chi Sphere in lead hand. Then as soon as the Chi Dot disintegrates, our Small Chi Sphere also does the same. In that moment there is no obstruction between our lead hand and where the Chi Dot used to be.

In the next instant, it is over. The Small Chi Sphere is back in our lead hand. Then our internal Chest Cross communicates with the external Cross. We feel the re-balancing adjustment. Then the technique of Repulse Monkey is over.

And how do we pose our arms?

Using the 3 Chi Rings, of course.

I will continue this in the second part since there’s already too much information here.

Heaven, Earth, Man

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I used to think of Heaven, Earth, Man (HEM) as some philosophical concept. I have read different explanations over the years and the typical explanation is not really satisfying. Most of the time the writer would go round and round the bush, offering an explanation that could not really be put into practice.

In Yang-22 we have HEM. My teacher, Master L, did not call this sub-movement HEM but the moment I heard his instruction on the very first movement of the 22-form I went – isn’t that HEM – in my mind.

This is the HEM part – before we begin the practice of the 22-form we stand upright with both feet together. Next we use the intent to unify Heaven to the Earth with us, the Man, right in the middle.

I won’t explain exactly how to do this. I could but I don’t want other Yang styles to steal our teaching and claim it to be theirs.

Right after the HEM unification, we next use the intent to create the plumb line for the 2/4 Dots mechanism. However, this is not the end. Our intent carries on and the 2/4 Dots plumb line once it goes out in space about our head becomes……. tada! …… the 3 Passes.

So one line, two usage.

I hope you can see now why I wrote about the 2/4 Dots and 3 Passes first. They are the very first two things to be created by the intent. Without the 2/4 Dots and 3 Passes you will have a problem performing the next movement of parting the feet with good control of your balance.

The 3 Passes & 2/4 Dots

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In the post The 3 Passes, I listed an exercise to practice three of the four variations of the 3 Passes.

Once you get the hang of that exercise, the next time you practice it add the 2/4 Dots to it. Check to ensure that every movement you make has the 2/4 Dots and 3 Passes clearly differentiated and manifested in your movement.

Keep practicing until you can move lightly and seemingly effortlessly like a cat stepping while rooted like a mountain while in motion.

The 3 Passes

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Once you have learned to use the 2/4 Dots to move up and down you can add the study of the 3 Passes to it.

The easiest way to think of the 3 Passes is a line connecting the top of the head to the tailbone to keep the body upright. Technically it is really the back of the head that connects to the back and thereon to the tailbone. I chose to keep it simple by just aligning the top of the head to the tailbone.

Why I do this is because aligning two points is much easier to learn. Plus, if the learner has a problem getting it, just ask him to balance a book on this head and learn to walk straight without the book falling off.

This is technically not exactly what the 3 Passes are physically. However, physically keeping the book balanced on the head is one of the four variations of the 3 Passes.

At a more advanced stage the book balancing variation of the 3 Passes is used as the Mother of the 3 Passes. You can use the Mother of the 3 Passes with the other three variations of the 3 Passes.

The four variations of the 3 Passes are :-

i) Vertical Upright 3 Passes (Mother of 3 Passes)
ii) Turn Up 3 Passes
iii) Move Back 3 Passes
iv) Front Lengthen 3 Passes

You can move beyond visualizing balancing a book on your head to imagining that there is a flagpole running from your tailbone up through your head, stretching upwards some 24 inches above your head.

When using the 3 Passes this way it is like a puppet master (your intent) above you is using a string (the 3 Passes) from above to control your movement so that you can move effortlessly.

For the study of the 3 Passes I would practice the sequence below over and over for an hour :-

1) Brush Knee Twist Step (left) – Vertical Upright 3 Passes
2) Transition to BKTS (right) – Turn Up 3 Passes
3) Brush Knee Twist Step (right) – Vertical Upright 3 Passes
4) Transition to BKTS (left) – Turn Up 3 Passes
5) Brush Knee Twist Step (left) – Vertical Upright 3 Passes
6) Play Pipa – Move Back to Vertical Upright 3 Passes
7) Repulse Monkey (right) – Move Back 3 Passes
8) Repulse Monkey (left) – Move Back 3 Passes
9) Repulse Monkey (right) – Move Back 3 Passes
10) Repulse Monkey (left) – Move Back 3 Passes
Repeat from (2)

The above exercise will enable you to study the variations of Vertical Upright, Turn Up and Move Back of the 3 Passes.

The 3 Passes is a key principle so it is important to get a handle on it early.

2/4 Dots & The Rolling Ball

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The Unfettered Mind : Writings from a Zen Master to a Master Swordsman by Takuan Soho is one of my favorite books. Many of what is written within are relevant to our practice of Tai Chi.

In the first part of the book “The Mysterious Record of Immoveable Wisdom” there is a section on a moving ball.

There is a saying, “Throw a ball into a swift current and it will never stop.”

This means that if you throw a ball into rapidly flowing water, it will ride the waves and never stop dead.

When I first read this, it sounded like an interesting theory but how do I put this into practice.

Well, as it turns out you can put this into practice. Learning how to use the 2/4 Dots is the first key.

The second key is the 3 Passes.

The third key is the 3 Chi Rings.

Put at least the above three principles into your practice of push hands and you will feel like a ball that can the waves of your training partner’s swift strength current.